基于在轨组装维护的多载荷协同观测卫星平台构型设计

针对高轨遥感卫星多载荷协同观测和一致测量应用需求,在前期总体技术方案研究的基础上,通过开展现有在轨组装航天器和高轨卫星公用平台的构型调研,提出了一种适用于多载荷协同观测需求的平台构型设计方案。平台利用CZ-5运载火箭发射并在轨展开,采用“网格式中心承力筒+板+桁架”式的总体构型,开展了主传力路径、贮箱承载结构、网格式中心承力筒等的细化设计工作,并进行了结构产品的初步设计,建立了平台结构整星的有限元模型。仿真分析表明:平台结构整星的各向一阶频率均能满足运载火箭的频率要求。基于标准化、通用化的平台接口设计,使其具备可扩展及可维修的能力,大大提升了平台鲁棒性。基于全网格筒的主承力设计,增强平台结构承载能力,并改善平台内部热环境。该设计方案可为基于在轨组装维护的高轨遥感大平台结构的设计提供有价值的参考。     

基于高分卫星姿态监测的姿态参数算法优化

目前航天测绘相机几何参数的在轨标定通常经由地面检校场数据处理完成。然而,由于一次摄影中难以保证获取的地面检校场影像完整,使得在轨标定周期较长,进而导致实时监测与标定非常困难。“高分十四号”卫星搭载了一种新的姿态测定系统,利用高精度的相机光轴监测实现对相机几何参数的在轨实时标定。文章在此基础上对高分卫星星地相机间夹角在轨解算方案进行了优化,并基于数值仿真和在轨实测数据进行了分析,结果显示优化算法可以进一步提高影像内定向稳定度和最终的定位精度,未来有望在高精度立体测绘应用中发挥重要作用。     

Fast cooperative trajectory optimization and test verification for close-range satellite formation using Finite Fourier Series method

The process of formation reconfiguration for close-range satellite formation should take into account the risk of collisions between satellites. To this end, this paper presents a method to rapidly generate low-thrust collision-avoidance trajectories in the formation reconfiguration using Finite Fourier Series (FFS). The FFS method can rapidly generate the collision-avoidance three-dimensional trajectory. The results obtained by the FFS method are used as an initial guess in the Gauss Pseudospectral Method (GPM) solver to verify the applicability of the results. Compared with the GPM method, the FFS method needs very little computing time to obtain the results with very little difference in performance index. To verify the effectiveness, the proposed method is tested and validated by a formation control testbed. Three satellite simulators in the testbed are used to simulate two-dimensional satellite formation reconfiguration. The simulation and experimental results show that the FFS method can rapidly generate trajectories and effectively reduce the risk of collision between satellites. This fast trajectory generation method has great significance for on-line, constantly satellite formation reconfiguration.     

基于算子理论的系统可重构性评价与自主重构

针对航天器在轨资源严重受限（包括计算资源、硬件资源以及能量资源）的特点，开展了基于算子理论的航天器姿态控制系统可重构性评价方法和自主重构策略的研究。首先，基于稳定核表示（SKR）和稳定像表示（SIR）的算子理论给出了系统可重构性评价指标，定量地描述了系统的重构能力，突破了基于互质分解理论的系统可重构性评价方法对系统线性性质的局限。同时，基于以上结果，给出了系统可重构性最大边界，为设计人员设计自主重构策略提供了明确的指标；然后，通过在设计阶段考虑系统可重构性，充分挖掘并利用系统重构潜力，为自主重构策略的设计提供理论指导；最后，通过仿真验证了所提方法的有效性和正确性。     

基于粒子群寻优的高精度星敏感器在轨标定方法

星敏感器结构设计与安装过程会产生多种误差，主要误差源有星敏感器像平面主点误差、主距误差、倾斜误差与旋转误差，这些误差影响了星敏感器在轨标定的精度。本文根据星敏感器的误差模型，提出了一种高精度的星敏感器在轨标定方法。在已知含有误差的像平面的基础上，构造一个虚拟的像平面。当粒子群优化算法使含有误差的像点投影到虚拟像平面上的坐标与无误差时像点的坐标一致时，再利用Quest解算出三轴姿态角求得两个像平面之间的姿态矩阵，得出两像平面之间的关系。结果表明：星敏感器姿态确定精度较高且比较稳定。这种方法与传统标定方法的优势在于不依靠陀螺信息，原理简单，提高了数据的准确性。     

国际空间站智能在轨运行进展及启示

空间站作为近地空间的大型平台，具备长期飞行与空间科学探索能力.随着在轨任务的不断增加，高效空间站在轨运行管理成为挑战性的难题.人工智能与航天技术的深度融合，使得空间站在轨运行逐步向智能化发展，航天器在轨运行智能化已成为必然趋势.本文对国际空间站（International Space Station，ISS）在轨智能化发展历程进行了深入分析，调研人工智能技术在其健康管理、任务规划与调度、任务操作和人机交互中的应用，以期对未来中国空间站的智能在轨运行提供启示.      

用于微小卫星的陀螺随机常值偏置误差的在轨标定

结合陀螺在微小卫星上的使用,提出了一种不依赖于其余敏感器信息的陀螺随机常值偏置实时在轨标定技术.该技术利用陀螺在轨实时测量信息,结合卫星姿态动力学本身的约束,实现了陀螺加电后初始随机零偏的在轨实时确定.分析了标定模型的可观性,得出了该技术的适用条件.仿真结果表明,该标定算法具有较高精度,对陀螺采样频率具有一定的鲁棒性,并具有较快的收敛速度,在给定的姿态动力学模型的精度条件下,100 s内基本稳定,收敛精度在1.0 (°)/h左右,标定性能可满足空间任务的需求.     

一种月面采样量的在轨自主测量方法

月面采样量的在轨自主测量是实现月面自主采样的必要环节。本文设计了一种月面采样装置，根据图像信息实现对月面采样量的在轨自主测量。针对图像中目标与背景灰度差较小、背景区域噪声较多的特点，采用了改进型最大类间方差法与连通标记自适应去噪方法，实现了采样区域较为准确的分割。针对单目相机无法直接获取采样区域尺寸的特点，利用已知物体尺寸进行在轨自主标定，结合图像中提取出的采样区域，完成了采样区域尺寸的计算，实现了采样量的在轨自主测量。试验结果表明，在轨自主测量结果与实际结果吻合，本文提出的在轨自主测量方法有效。     

Relative position and attitude estimation of spacecrafts based on dual quaternion for rendezvous and docking

The capacity to acquire the relative position and attitude information between the chaser and the target satellites in real time is one of the necessary prerequisites for the successful implementation of autonomous rendezvous and docking. This paper addresses a vision based relative position and attitude estimation algorithm for the final phase of spacecraft rendezvous and docking. By assuming that the images of feature points on the target satellite lie within the convex regions, the estimation of the relative position and attitude is converted into solving a convex optimization problem in which the dual quaternion method is employed to represent the rotational and translational transformation between the chaser body frame and the target body frame. Due to the point-to-region correspondence instead of the point-to-point correspondence is used, the proposed estimation algorithm shows good performance in robustness which is verified through computer simulations.     

Robustness evaluation method for unmanned aerial vehicle swarms based on complex network theory

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) swarms have been foreseen to play an important role in military applications in the future, wherein they will be frequently subjected to different disturbances and destructions such as attacks and equipment faults. Therefore, a sophisticated robustness evaluation mechanism is of considerable importance for the reliable functioning of the UAV swarms. However, their complex characteristics and irregular dynamic evolution make them extremely challenging and uncertain to evaluate the robustness of such a system. In this paper, a complex network theory-based robustness evaluation method for a UAV swarming system is proposed. This method takes into account the dynamic evolution of UAV swarms, including dynamic reconfiguration and information correlation. The paper analyzes and models the aforementioned dynamic evolution and establishes a comprehensive robustness metric and two evaluation strategies. The robustness evaluation method and algorithms considering dynamic reconfiguration and information correlation are developed. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is verified by conducting a case study analysis. The results can further provide some guidance and reference for the robust design, mission planning and decision-making of UAV swarms.